![](data:image/png;base64,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)
qua → hiện tượng gì?
- Yêu cầu 2 HS lên quan sát thí
nghiệm → Sau khi điện phân H2O
→ thu được hai khí → khí ở hai
ống có tỉ lệ như thế nào?
Dùng que đóm còn tàn than hồng
và que đóm đang cháy để thử hai
khí trên → yêu cầu HS rút ra kết
luận.
- Yêu cầu viết phương trình hoá
học.
- Cuối cng GV nhận xt v kết luận.
Vkhí B =
Vkhí A.
- Khí ở cột B(+) làm que đóm bùng
cháy; ở cột B(-) khí cháy được với
ngọn lửa màu xanh.
→ Khí thu được là H2 () và O2 ().
PTHH: 2H2O → 2H2 + O2
Hoạt động 2: Tìm hiểu quá trình tổng hợp nước (15’)
- Yêu cầu HS đọc SGK I.2a, quan
sát hình 5.11/122 → thảo luận
nhóm trả lời các câu hỏi sau:
Khi đốt cháy hỗn hợp H2 và O2
bằng tia lửa điện, có những hiện
tượng gì.
Mực nước trong ống dâng lên có
đầy ống không → vậy các khí H2
và O2 có phản ứng hết không?
Đưa tàn đóm vào phần chất khí
còn lại, có hiện tượng gì → vậy
khí còn dư là khí nào?
Viết PTHH
Khi đốt: H2 và O2 đã hoá hợp với
nhau theo tỉ lệ như thế nào?
-Yêu cầu các nhóm thảo luận để
tính:
+ Tỉ lệ hoá hợp về khối lượng giữa
H2 và O2.
- Cá nhân đọc SGK, quan sát hình vẽ.
- Thảo luận nhóm.
- Hỗn hợp H2 và O2 nổ. Mực nước
trong ống dâng lên.
- Mực nước dâng lên, dừng lại ở vạch
số 1 → còn dư chất khí.
-Tàn đóm bùng cháy → vậy khí còn dư
là oxi.
2H2 + O2 2H2O
Giải:
Theo PTHH:
Cứ 1 mol O2 cần 2 mol H2.
2. Sự tổng
hợp nước.
PTHH:2H2 +
O2 → 2H2O
Kết luận:
- Nước là
hợp chất tạo
bởi 2 nguyên
tố: H & O.
- Tỉ lệ hoá
hợp giữa H
& O:
+Về thể tích:
=
+Về khối
lượng:
=