![](data:image/png;base64,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)
GVHD: T.S VŨ THU TRANG
M C L CỤ Ụ
L I NÓI Đ U Ờ Ầ ...........................................................................................................................................
3
PH N I : GI I THI U CHUNG Ầ Ớ Ệ ..............................................................................................................
4
I.
Gi i thi u chung v ngành s aớ ệ ề ữ
...........................................................................................................
4
1. Tình hình s n xu t và tiêu th trên th gi i ả ấ ụ ế ớ .................................................................................... 4
2. L ch s hình thành ngành s a Vi t Nam ị ử ữ ở ệ ..................................................................................... 4
3. Tình hình s n xu t và tiêu th s a Vi t Nam ả ấ ụ ữ ở ệ .............................................................................. 5
4. Th tr ng tiêu th s a thanh trùng ngày nay ị ƣờ ụ ữ ................................................................................ 6
5. S bi n ch t và các d ng bi n ch t c a s aự ế ấ ạ ế ấ ủ ữ
.................................................................................... 6
II. S A NGUYÊN LI U Ữ Ệ ...........................................................................................................................
8
1.
Gi i thi u nguyên li u s aớ ệ ệ ữ
.................................................................................................................
8
2.
Thành ph n hóa h c c a s aầ ọ ủ ữ
..............................................................................................................
9
2.1.
Ch t béo ấ ..........................................................................................................................................
9
2.2.
Protein .............................................................................................................................................
9
2.3. Đ ng Lactose ƣờ ..................................................................................................................................
10
2.4.
Các lo i mu i khoáng ạ ố ....................................................................................................................
10
2.5.
Axit h u c ữ ơ ....................................................................................................................................
10
2.6.
Vitamin ..........................................................................................................................................
10
2.7.
Các enzym .....................................................................................................................................
11
2.8.
Vi sinh v t có trong s a ậ ữ .................................................................................................................
11
2.9.
N c ƣớ ..............................................................................................................................................
11
2.10. Ch t khoángấ ................................................................................................................................. 11
PH N 2: L A CH N VÀ THUY T MINH Ầ Ự Ọ Ế ..........................................................................................
12
S Đ QUY TRÌNH CÔNG NGH S N XU T Ơ Ồ Ệ Ả Ấ ..................................................................................
12
I.
THUY T MINH QUY TRÌNH CÔNG NGH Ế Ệ ...............................................................................
13
1.
Ti p nh n nguyên li uế ậ ệ
......................................................................................................................
13
2.
Ki m tra ch t l ngể ấ ƣợ
..........................................................................................................................
13
3.
Làm l nh b o qu nạ ả ả
...........................................................................................................................
14
4.
Gia nhi t ệ ...........................................................................................................................................
14
5.
Ly tâm làm s ch ạ ...............................................................................................................................
14
6.
Tiêu chu n hóa ẩ .................................................................................................................................
15
7.
Đ ng hóa ồ ..........................................................................................................................................
15