![](data:image/png;base64,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)
WinDbg có th xem mã ngu n, thi t l p các đi m ng t, xem các bi n (bao ể ồ ế ậ ể ắ ế
g m c các đ i t ng C ++), ngăn x p d u v t, và b nh . C a s ồ ả ố ượ ế ấ ế ộ ớ ử ổ
Debugger Command c a nó cho phép ng i dùng th c hi n ủ ườ ự ệ nhi u l nh. ề ệ
Tuy nhiên đ s d ng đ c WinDbg đòi h i có nhi u kinh nghi m v ể ử ụ ượ ỏ ề ệ ề
Reverse Engineering cũng nh programming.ư
GDB
GDB, trình g l i D án GNU, cho phép b n xem nh ng gì đang di n ra ỡ ỗ ự ạ ữ ễ
bên trong m t ch ng trình khác trong khi nó th c hi n – ho c m t ch ngộ ươ ự ệ ặ ộ ươ
trình khác đang làm gì vào lúc nó r i.ơ
GDB có th th c thi b n b c (c ng v i nh ng th khác đ h tr nh ng ể ự ố ướ ộ ớ ữ ứ ể ỗ ợ ữ
đi u này) đ giúp b n b t l i trong quá trìnhề ể ạ ắ ỗ phân tích các mã đ cộ
– B t đ u ch ng trình c a b n, xác đ nh b t c đi u gì có th nh ắ ầ ươ ủ ạ ị ấ ứ ề ể ả
h ng đ n ho t đ ng c a nó.ưở ế ạ ộ ủ
– Hãy d ng ch ng trình c a b n theo các đi u ki n quy đ nh.ừ ươ ủ ạ ề ệ ị
– Ki m tra nh ng gì đã x y ra, khi ch ng trình c a b n đã d ng l i.ể ữ ả ươ ủ ạ ừ ạ
– Thay đ i m i th trong ch ng trình c a b n, do đó b n có th th ổ ọ ứ ươ ủ ạ ạ ể ử
nghi m v i vi c đi u ch nh hi u ng c a m t l i và ti p t c tìm hi u v ệ ớ ệ ề ỉ ệ ứ ủ ộ ỗ ế ụ ể ề
m t l i khác.ộ ỗ
Ch ng trình đ c debug có th đ c vi t b ng Ada, C, C ++, Objective-ươ ượ ể ượ ế ằ
C, Pascal (và nhi u ngôn ng khác). Nh ng ch ng trình này có th đ c ề ữ ữ ươ ể ượ
th c hi n trên cùng m t máy nh GDB ự ệ ộ ư ho c trên m t máy khác (t xa). ặ ộ ừ
GDB có th ch y trên ph bi n nh t c a UNIX và Microsoft Windows ể ạ ổ ế ấ ủ
bi n thế ể
V i s phát tri n không ng ng c a các ngành công ngh thông tin nh hi nớ ự ể ừ ủ ệ ư ệ
nay vi c b o v thông tin cá nhân, t ch c, qu c gia, các h th ng máy tínhệ ả ệ ổ ứ ố ệ ố
trong công nghi p… kh i mã đ c tr nên r t c p thi t. Bài vi t này đã gi iệ ỏ ộ ở ấ ấ ế ế ớ
thi u v i ệ ớ v cácề ph ng pháp, công cươ ụ phân tích mã đ cộ. Nh nh ng ờ ữ
ph ng pháp y, b n có th hi u rõ h n v các lo i mã đ c. T đó rút ra ươ ấ ạ ể ể ơ ề ạ ộ ừ
cách phòng ch ng và di t chúng. Hi v ng nó giúp ích đ c cho b n.ố ệ ọ ượ ạ